Are you looking at building something that will take in 12v DC and convert it to 120v AC so that you can power those devices that use 120v AC? If so I think you mean an "Inverter". There is a wealth of information on these devices and you can find a lot of schematics (and other information) with a google search:
http://www.google.ca/search?hl=en&q=inv ... 120V&meta=
I don't know a great deal about inverters, but I think the most common design you will find today is essentially an oscillating circuit running off the 12v DC that generates a sine wave, then feeds this wave into a transformer to step up the voltage to 120V. You mentioned using an alternator, but as far as I know those are little DC motors (generators) that use the torque/angular momentum generated from a gas engine to turn a DC motor and generate some juice. I remember hearing about some old DC -> AC converters that used motors. I think they used a DC motor with the shaft connected to a 3-phase AC motor (or something) and just tapped one of the phases of the 3-phase to get 120V AC. I could be completely wrong on that last one, though!!
hope that helps in some way